/* Magazine Layout Styles
 * Layout-based magazine experience with sidebar menu and full page navigation
 */

/* ============================================
   CSS CUSTOM PROPERTIES
   ============================================ */
:root {
    --magazine-sidebar-width: 320px;
    --magazine-header-height: 72px;
    --magazine-transition-speed: 0.3s;
    --magazine-primary-color: #1a1a2e;
    --magazine-accent-color: #0f3460;
}

/* ============================================
   MAGAZINE LAYOUT WRAPPER
   ============================================ */
html.magazine-view {
    height: 100%;
    background: #f8f9fa;
}

/* Override uSkinned's sticky site header on magazine pages
   so it scrolls away and the magazine header sticks alone.
   Exclude reveal-out so the burger nav can expand to full viewport. */
html.magazine-view:not(.reveal-out) header#site-header {
    position: relative !important;
}

/* Hide magazine header when site burger nav is open */
html.reveal-out .magazine-header {
    display: none;
}

body.magazine-body-wrapper {
    min-height: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}


.magazine-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 100vh;
}


/* ============================================
   VIEW TRANSITIONS (Disabled - caused flash issues)
   ============================================ */
/* View transitions disabled to prevent white flash between pages */

/* ============================================
   MAGAZINE HEADER
   ============================================ */
.magazine-header {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    z-index: 1030;
    height: var(--magazine-header-height);
    background: rgb(var(--footer-bg-color1));
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
}

.magazine-header__inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 1rem;
    height: 100%;
    padding: 0 1.5rem;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.magazine-header__logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    height: 32px;
    overflow: hidden;
    /* Hidden by default - animates in when site header scrolls away */
    max-width: 0;
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(-8px);
    margin-right: 0;
    transition: max-width var(--magazine-transition-speed) ease,
                opacity var(--magazine-transition-speed) ease,
                transform var(--magazine-transition-speed) ease,
                margin-right var(--magazine-transition-speed) ease;
}

.magazine-header__logo--visible {
    max-width: 120px;
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0);
    margin-right: 0.75rem;
}

.magazine-header__logo a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    height: 100%;
}

.magazine-header__logo img {
    height: 100%;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 100px;
    max-height: 32px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.magazine-header__nav {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex: 1;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.magazine-header__title {
    flex: 1;
    text-align: center;
    /* Prevent title from overlapping buttons */
    min-width: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.magazine-header__title a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    pointer-events: auto;
}

.magazine-header__title a:hover {
    opacity: 0.9;
}

.magazine-header__issue-label {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    opacity: 0.7;
    margin-bottom: 0.125rem;
}

.magazine-header__title h1 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0;
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
}

.magazine-header__menu-toggle {
    display: none;
    position: relative;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: background 0.2s;
    padding: 0;
}

.magazine-header__menu-toggle:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

/* TOC / X menu icons — crossfade on toggle */
.magazine-header__menu-toc-icon,
.magazine-header__menu-x-icon {
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    position: absolute;
    transition: opacity 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease;
}

.magazine-header__menu-toc-icon {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: rotate(0deg);
}

.magazine-header__menu-x-icon {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: rotate(-90deg);
}

/* When expanded: hide TOC, show X */
.magazine-header__menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .magazine-header__menu-toc-icon {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: rotate(90deg);
}

.magazine-header__menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .magazine-header__menu-x-icon {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: rotate(0deg);
}

/* ============================================
   TEXT SIZE TOGGLE
   ============================================ */
.magazine-header__text-size {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: inherit;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 0;
    opacity: 0.7;
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.magazine-header__text-size:hover {
    opacity: 1;
}

/* Close button */
.magazine-header__close {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0.375rem 0.875rem;
    background: transparent;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    cursor: pointer;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: background 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
    text-decoration: none;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.magazine-header__close:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* ============================================
   NAVIGATION BUTTONS
   ============================================ */
.magazine-nav {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1000;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    border-radius: 50%;
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
    font-size: 1rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    pointer-events: auto !important;
}

.magazine-nav:hover:not(:disabled) {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.magazine-nav--disabled {
    opacity: 0.3;
    cursor: not-allowed;
    pointer-events: none;
}

a.magazine-nav {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.magazine-nav__icon {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    line-height: 1;
}

.magazine-nav:focus {
    outline: none;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
}

/* ============================================
   MAGAZINE BODY (SIDEBAR + CONTENT)
   ============================================ */
.magazine-body {
    display: flex;
    flex: 1;
    min-height: 100vh;
}

/* ============================================
   SIDEBAR
   ============================================ */
.magazine-sidebar {
    position: sticky;
    top: var(--magazine-header-height);
    align-self: flex-start;
    height: calc(100vh - var(--magazine-header-height));
    width: var(--magazine-sidebar-width);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    background: #fff;
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(var(--true-black), 0.1);
    z-index: 100;
    transition: margin-left var(--magazine-transition-speed) ease;
    box-shadow: 2px 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* Sidebar Pull Tab - Fixed to viewport */
.magazine-sidebar__tab {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    right: -24px;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 24px;
    height: 60px;
    background: var(--magazine-primary-color);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #fff;
    box-shadow: 2px 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    transition: background-color 0.2s;
    z-index: 101;
    pointer-events: auto;
}

.magazine-sidebar__tab:hover {
    background: var(--magazine-accent-color);
}

.magazine-sidebar__tab-icon {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

/* Dim icon when sidebar is collapsed to hint at toggle */
.magazine-sidebar-collapsed .magazine-sidebar__tab-icon {
    opacity: 0.7;
}

/* Collapsed sidebar state - negative margin pulls sidebar out of flow */
.magazine-sidebar-collapsed .magazine-sidebar {
    margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--magazine-sidebar-width));
}

.magazine-sidebar__inner {
    height: 100%;
    overflow-y: auto;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    padding: 1.5rem;
}

.magazine-sidebar__header {
    padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(var(--true-black), 0.1);
}

.magazine-sidebar__header h2 {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin: 0;
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
}

.magazine-sidebar__nav {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

/* Category groups */
.magazine-sidebar__category {
    margin: 0;
}

.magazine-sidebar__category-title {
    font-size: 0.6875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: #888;
    margin: 0 0 0.625rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--magazine-accent-color);
}

.magazine-sidebar__subcategory-title {
    font-size: 0.625rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    color: #aaa;
    margin: 0.75rem 0 0.25rem 0.75rem;
}

.magazine-sidebar__list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.magazine-sidebar__item {
    margin-bottom: 0.125rem;
}

.magazine-sidebar__link {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.625rem 0.75rem;
    background: transparent;
    border-radius: 6px;
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.35;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s;
}

.magazine-sidebar__link:hover {
    background: #f5f5f5;
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
    text-decoration: none;
}

.magazine-sidebar__item--active .magazine-sidebar__link {
    background: var(--magazine-accent-color);
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
}

.magazine-sidebar__item--active .magazine-sidebar__link:hover {
    background: var(--magazine-accent-color);
}


/* Sidebar collapsed state (desktop) */
.magazine-sidebar--collapsed {
    transform: translateX(calc(-1 * var(--magazine-sidebar-width)));
}

/* Sidebar overlay for mobile */
.magazine-sidebar-overlay {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
    z-index: 99;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transition: opacity var(--magazine-transition-speed), visibility var(--magazine-transition-speed);
}

.magazine-sidebar-overlay--visible {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
}

/* ============================================
   CONTENT AREA
   ============================================ */
.magazine-content {
    flex: 1;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1; /* Below sidebar (z-index: 100) so pull-tab isn't hidden by banner */
    background: #fff;
    transition: margin-left var(--magazine-transition-speed) ease;
    outline: none; /* Remove focus outline on main content */
}

.magazine-content__inner {
    min-height: 100vh;
}

/* uSkinned content within magazine layout */
.magazine-content .component {
    /* Reset component margins within magazine view for tighter layout */
}

/* Ensure uSkinned banners work properly in magazine layout */
.magazine-content .banner {
    /* Allow banners to extend full width */
}

/* ============================================
   SKIP TO CONTENT LINK
   ============================================ */
.skip-to-content {
    position: absolute;
    top: -100px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: var(--magazine-accent-color);
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 0 0 8px 8px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    z-index: 10000;
    transition: top 0.2s;
}

.skip-to-content:focus {
    top: 0;
    outline: none;
}

/* ============================================
   ARTICLE CONTENT STYLES
   ============================================ */
.magazine-article {
    background: #fff;
    min-height: 100%;
}

/* ============================================
   BANNER FROM ABOVE MAIN CONTENT
   ============================================ */
.magazine-article__above-content {
    width: 100%;
}

.magazine-banner {
    width: 100%;
}

.magazine-banner__image {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 400px;
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    background-color: var(--magazine-primary-color);
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-end;
}

.magazine-banner__overlay {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(
        to top,
        rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85) 0%,
        rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 40%,
        rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 70%,
        transparent 100%
    );
}

.magazine-banner__content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 3rem 2rem;
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
    text-align: center;
}

.magazine-banner__heading {
    font-size: 3.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.15;
    margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
    text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.magazine-banner__secondary {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
}

/* Banner Size Modifiers */
.magazine-banner--takeover .magazine-banner__image {
    min-height: 100vh;
    min-height: 100dvh; /* Dynamic viewport height for mobile */
}

.magazine-banner--medium .magazine-banner__image {
    min-height: 400px;
}

.magazine-banner--short .magazine-banner__image {
    min-height: 280px;
}

.magazine-banner--scale .magazine-banner__image {
    min-height: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
}

/* Text Color Classes - based on uSkinned background color labels */
/* "light" label = light background, so use dark text */
.magazine-banner.light-text .magazine-banner__content,
.magazine-banner.light-text .magazine-banner__heading,
.magazine-banner.light-text .magazine-banner__secondary,
.magazine-banner.light-text .magazine-article__meta,
.magazine-banner.light-text .magazine-article__category {
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
    text-shadow: none;
}

.magazine-banner.light-text .magazine-banner__heading {
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
}

.magazine-banner.light-text .magazine-article__category {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
}

/* "dark" label = dark background, so use light text (default) */
.magazine-banner.dark-text .magazine-banner__content,
.magazine-banner.dark-text .magazine-banner__heading,
.magazine-banner.dark-text .magazine-banner__secondary,
.magazine-banner.dark-text .magazine-article__meta {
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
    text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

/* Image Opacity Classes for color overlay */
.magazine-banner[class*="image-opacity-"] .magazine-banner__overlay {
    background: var(--magazine-primary-color);
}

.magazine-banner.image-opacity-20 .magazine-banner__overlay { opacity: 0.2; }
.magazine-banner.image-opacity-40 .magazine-banner__overlay { opacity: 0.4; }
.magazine-banner.image-opacity-60 .magazine-banner__overlay { opacity: 0.6; }
.magazine-banner.image-opacity-80 .magazine-banner__overlay { opacity: 0.8; }

.magazine-banner__no-image {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 300px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--magazine-primary-color) 0%, var(--magazine-accent-color) 100%);
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-end;
}

/* Text colors for no-image variant */
.magazine-banner__no-image.light-text .magazine-banner__content,
.magazine-banner__no-image.light-text .magazine-banner__heading {
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
    text-shadow: none;
}

.magazine-banner__no-image.dark-text .magazine-banner__content,
.magazine-banner__no-image.dark-text .magazine-banner__heading {
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
}

.magazine-banner__text-only {
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 2rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.magazine-banner__text-only h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
}

/* Fallback header when no aboveMainContent */
.magazine-article__header {
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 3rem 2rem 2rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.magazine-article__header .magazine-article__title {
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
    text-shadow: none;
}

.magazine-article__header .magazine-article__meta {
    color: #666;
}

.magazine-article__header .magazine-article__category {
    background: var(--magazine-accent-color);
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
    border: none;
}

.magazine-article__categories {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.magazine-article__category {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.375rem 0.875rem;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    border-radius: 4px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
}

.magazine-article__title {
    font-size: 3.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.15;
    margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
    color: rgb(var(--true-white));
    text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.magazine-article__meta {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
}

.magazine-article__date {
    color: inherit;
}

.magazine-article__author {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
}

.magazine-article__author:hover {
    color: inherit;
    opacity: 0.8;
}

.magazine-article__author strong {
    font-weight: 600;
}

.magazine-article__author-mini {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
}

.magazine-article__content {
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 3rem 2rem;
    font-size: 1.5rem !important;
    line-height: 1.7 !important;
    color: #444;
}

.magazine-article__content p {
    font-size: 1.5rem !important;
    line-height: 1.7 !important;
    margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}

.magazine-article__content h2 {
    font-size: 2.125rem;
    margin: 2.5rem 0 1.25rem;
}

.magazine-article__content h3 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    margin: 2rem 0 1rem;
}

.magazine-article__content img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.magazine-article__content blockquote {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    padding: 1.25rem 2rem;
    border-left: 4px solid var(--magazine-accent-color);
    background: #f8f9fa;
    font-size: 1.625rem;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* ============================================
   TEXT SIZE VARIANTS — zoom-based scaling
   Scales all content proportionally from uSkinned's
   base values regardless of CSS units used.
   Default: 1x, Medium: 1.2x, Large: 1.5x
   ============================================ */
.text-size-md section.content .text,
.text-size-md .magazine-article__content,
.text-size-md .magazine-article__content--teaser {
    zoom: 1.2;
}

.text-size-lg section.content .text,
.text-size-lg .magazine-article__content,
.text-size-lg .magazine-article__content--teaser {
    zoom: 1.5;
}

.magazine-article__footer {
    padding: 2rem 0 3rem;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(var(--true-black), 0.1);
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.magazine-article__footer .container {
    max-width: 800px;
}

.magazine-article__author-bio {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    padding: 2rem 0;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

/* Add spacing when author bio is the first item in footer (no tags) */
.magazine-article__footer > .magazine-article__author-bio:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.magazine-article__author-image {
    width: 120px;
    height: 120px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    border: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
}

.magazine-article__author-info {
    flex: 1;
}

.magazine-article__author-label {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: #888;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.magazine-article__author-name {
    display: block;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.magazine-article__author-text {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #555;
}

.magazine-article__author-text p {
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
}

.magazine-article__author-text p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Multiple Authors Container */
.magazine-authors {
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
}

.magazine-authors__heading {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: #888;
    margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
}

.magazine-authors__list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
}

/* Style author bios like prev/next cards */
.magazine-authors__list .magazine-article__author-bio {
    position: relative;
    margin-top: 0;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f4f8fc 0%, #c9dced 100%);
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: box-shadow 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.magazine-authors__list .magazine-article__author-bio:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Stretched link: author name link covers the whole card */
.magazine-authors__list .magazine-article__author-name a {
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-authors__list .magazine-article__author-name a::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 0;
}

.magazine-authors__list .magazine-article__author-name a:hover {
    color: var(--magazine-primary-color);
}

/* Keep inner links clickable above the stretched link */
.magazine-authors__list .magazine-article__author-text a,
.magazine-authors__list .magazine-article__author-social a,
.magazine-authors__list .magazine-article__author-image-link {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

/* Author Social Links */
.magazine-article__author-social {
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.magazine-article__author-social ul {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.magazine-article__author-social li {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.magazine-article__author-social a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 50%;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: background 0.2s, transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
}

.magazine-article__author-social a:hover {
    background: var(--magazine-primary-color);
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.magazine-article__author-social img {
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.magazine-article__author-social a:hover img {
    filter: brightness(0) invert(1);
}

/* Responsive author section */
@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .magazine-article__author-bio {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .magazine-article__author-image {
        width: 100px;
        height: 100px;
    }

    .magazine-article__author-social ul {
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

.magazine-article__tags {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.375rem;
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    color: #666;
}

.magazine-article__tags-label {
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #444;
}

.magazine-article__tag {
    display: inline-block;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    padding: 0 0.625rem;
    background: #f0f0f0;
    color: #555;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    transition: background 0.2s;
}

.magazine-article__tag:hover {
    background: #e0e0e0;
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* ============================================
   ARTICLE PREV/NEXT NAVIGATION
   ============================================ */
.magazine-article-nav {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    background: #fff;
    max-width: 1560px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

a.magazine-article-nav__item {
    text-decoration: none;
}

.magazine-article-nav__item {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-align: left;
    transition: box-shadow 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
    min-height: 140px;
}

.magazine-article-nav__item:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.magazine-article-nav__item--empty {
    background: transparent;
    cursor: default;
}

.magazine-article-nav__item--empty:hover {
    box-shadow: none;
    transform: none;
}

.magazine-article-nav__item--prev {
    flex-direction: row;
    background: linear-gradient(225deg, #fff 0%, #eee 100%);
}

.magazine-article-nav__item--next {
    flex-direction: row;
    text-align: right;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff 0%, #eee 100%);
}

.magazine-article-nav__image {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 180px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.magazine-article-nav__image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform 0.3s;
}

.magazine-article-nav__item:hover .magazine-article-nav__image img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.magazine-article-nav__content {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 1.25rem;
    gap: 0.25rem;
}

.magazine-article-nav__label {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: #666;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--magazine-accent-color);
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.magazine-article-nav__item--prev .magazine-article-nav__label {
    align-self: flex-start;
}

.magazine-article-nav__item--next .magazine-article-nav__label {
    align-self: flex-end;
}

.magazine-article-nav__category {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--magazine-accent-color);
}

.magazine-article-nav__title {
    font-size: 1.1875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
}

/* ============================================
   RESPONSIVE STYLES
   ============================================ */
@media (max-width: 1199px) {
    :root {
        --magazine-sidebar-width: 280px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
    :root {
        --magazine-sidebar-width: 280px;
    }

    .magazine-header__menu-toggle {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
    }

    /* Sidebar overlays content on tablet/mobile, below the sticky magazine header */
    .magazine-sidebar {
        position: fixed;
        top: var(--magazine-header-height);
        bottom: 0;
        height: calc(100vh - var(--magazine-header-height));
        transform: translateX(-100%);
        z-index: 1020;
    }

    /* When sidebar is open, fix the magazine header at viewport top so it never scrolls away */
    html.magazine-sidebar-open .magazine-header {
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .magazine-sidebar--open {
        transform: translateX(0);
    }

    /* Reset collapsed margin on mobile — transform handles open/close */
    .magazine-sidebar-collapsed .magazine-sidebar {
        margin-left: 0;
    }

    /* Hide pull-tab on mobile — hamburger serves this role */
    .magazine-sidebar__tab {
        display: none;
    }

    /* Overlay above site header but below sidebar and magazine header */
    .magazine-sidebar-overlay {
        z-index: 1010;
    }

    /* Content takes full width on tablet/mobile */
    .magazine-content {
        margin-left: 0;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    .magazine-header__title h1 {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .magazine-header__issue-label {
        display: none;
    }

    .magazine-header__logo {
        display: none;
    }

    .magazine-nav {
        width: 38px;
        height: 38px;
    }

    .magazine-nav__icon {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    /* Article navigation footer on mobile */
    .magazine-article-nav {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
        padding: 1.5rem 1rem 2rem;
    }

    .magazine-article-nav__item {
        min-height: auto;
    }

    .magazine-article-nav__item--next {
        text-align: left;
    }

    .magazine-article-nav__item--next .magazine-article-nav__label {
        align-self: flex-start;
    }

    .magazine-article-nav__image {
        width: 120px;
        min-height: 100px;
    }

    .magazine-article-nav__content {
        padding: 1rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 575px) {
    .magazine-header__title h1 {
        font-size: 0.875rem;
    }

    .magazine-nav {
        width: 34px;
        height: 34px;
    }

    .magazine-header__close {
        padding: 0.25rem 0.625rem;
        font-size: 0.75rem;
    }

    .magazine-sidebar__inner {
        padding: 1rem;
    }

    .magazine-article-nav__image {
        width: 100px;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   ACCESSIBILITY
   ============================================ */
.visually-hidden {
    position: absolute !important;
    width: 1px !important;
    height: 1px !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    margin: -1px !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0) !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
    border: 0 !important;
}

/* Focus styles for keyboard navigation */
.magazine-sidebar__link:focus,
.magazine-nav:focus,
.magazine-header__menu-toggle:focus,
.magazine-header__close:focus,
.magazine-article-nav__item:focus {
    outline: 2px solid var(--magazine-accent-color);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Reduced motion support */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .magazine-sidebar,
    .magazine-sidebar-overlay,
    .magazine-content,
    .magazine-header__logo {
        transition: none;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   KEYBOARD NAVIGATION HINT
   ============================================ */
.magazine-container::after {
    content: 'Use arrow keys to navigate';
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 1.5rem;
    right: 1.5rem;
    z-index: 10;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    background: var(--magazine-primary-color);
    border-radius: 4px;
    opacity: 0;
    animation: fadeInOut 4s ease-in-out 2s;
    pointer-events: none;
}

@keyframes fadeInOut {
    0%, 100% {
        opacity: 0;
    }
    20%, 80% {
        opacity: 1;
    }
}

/* Hide hint after first view in session */
.magazine-hint-hidden .magazine-container::after {
    display: none;
}

/* ============================================
   3-COLUMN MAGAZINE LAYOUT (Tags | Content | Pods)
   ============================================ */

.magazine-content-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 175px 1fr 340px;
    gap: 2.5rem;
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem 0 1.5rem;
    max-width: 1560px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

/* ----------------------------------------
   Meta Sidebar (left) - Share & Tags
   ---------------------------------------- */
.magazine-meta-sidebar {
    position: sticky;
    top: calc(var(--magazine-header-height) + 2rem);
    align-self: start;
    padding-right: 1rem;
    padding-top: 0.5rem;
}

.magazine-meta-sidebar__section {
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.magazine-meta-sidebar__heading {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-family: inherit;
}

/* Share section */
.magazine-share {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
}

.magazine-share__link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-share__link:hover {
    color: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
}

.magazine-share__link svg {
    width: 22px;
    height: 22px;
    fill: currentColor;
}

/* Success state - green pulse animation */
.magazine-share__link--copied {
    color: #22c55e;
    animation: pulse-success 0.5s ease-out;
}

@keyframes pulse-success {
    0% {
        transform: scale(1);
    }
    50% {
        transform: scale(1.15);
    }
    100% {
        transform: scale(1);
    }
}

/* Error state - red shake animation */
.magazine-share__link--error {
    color: #ef4444;
    animation: shake-error 0.4s ease-out;
}

@keyframes shake-error {
    0%, 100% {
        transform: translateX(0);
    }
    25% {
        transform: translateX(-4px);
    }
    75% {
        transform: translateX(4px);
    }
}

/* Keywords tag list */
.magazine-tags-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.375rem;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.magazine-keyword-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    padding: 0 0.5rem;
    background: transparent;
    color: #555;
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    border-radius: 3px;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: border-color 0.2s, color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-keyword-tag:hover {
    border-color: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
    color: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Keyword filter banner on listing pages */
.magazine-keyword-filter-banner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    background: #f5f5f5;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
}

.magazine-keyword-filter-banner__clear {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    color: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
}

.magazine-listing__pdf-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 2px 8px;
    background: #c0392b;
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: 3px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

/* Legacy class support */
.magazine-tags-sidebar {
    position: sticky;
    top: calc(var(--magazine-header-height) + 2rem);
    align-self: start;
    padding-right: 1rem;
}

.magazine-tags-sidebar__section {
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.magazine-tags-sidebar__heading {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.magazine-tags-sidebar__list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.magazine-tags-sidebar__list li {
    border-left: 3px solid #ddd;
    padding-left: 0.875rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.625rem;
    transition: border-color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-tags-sidebar__list li:hover {
    border-left-color: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
}

.magazine-tags-sidebar__list a {
    font-size: 0.8125rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.magazine-tags-sidebar__list a:hover {
    color: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
}

/* ----------------------------------------
   IEEE Spectrum-Style Article Header
   ---------------------------------------- */
.magazine-article-header {
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.magazine-article-header__categories {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.magazine-article-header__category {
    display: inline-block;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    padding: 0 0.625rem;
    background: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 2px;
    transition: background-color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-article-header__category:hover {
    background: var(--magazine-primary-color, #1a1a2e);
    color: #fff;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.magazine-article-header__title {
    font-size: 3.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.15;
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
    margin: 0 0 1.25rem 0;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.magazine-article-header__deck {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: #555;
    margin: 0 0 1.5rem 0;
    font-weight: 400;
}

.magazine-article-header__meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.0625rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: #666;
    padding-top: 1.25rem;
    border-top: 1px solid rgb(var(--base-borders));
}

.magazine-article-header__authors,
.magazine-article-header__date,
.magazine-article-header__read-time {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.magazine-article-header__authors::after,
.magazine-article-header__date::after {
    content: "|";
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
    color: #ccc;
}

.magazine-article-header__by {
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    margin-right: 0.25rem;
}

.magazine-article-header__authors {
    color: #333;
}

.magazine-article-header__author-link {
    color: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.magazine-article-header__author-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Responsive header styles */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    .magazine-article-header__title {
        font-size: 2.25rem;
    }

    .magazine-article-header__deck {
        font-size: 1.375rem;
    }

    .magazine-article-header__meta {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 0.25rem;
    }

    .magazine-article-header__authors::after,
    .magazine-article-header__date::after {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* ----------------------------------------
   Main Content Column (center)
   ---------------------------------------- */
.magazine-main-col {
    min-width: 0;
    max-width: 780px;
}

/* Remove top padding on first content block — the article header already provides spacing */
.magazine-main-col > section.content:first-of-type,
.magazine-article__content > section.content:first-of-type,
.magazine-article__content--teaser > section.content:first-of-type {
    padding-top: 0;
}

/* ----------------------------------------
   Pods Sidebar (right)
   ---------------------------------------- */
.magazine-pods-col {
    align-self: start;
    padding: 1rem 1rem 1rem 2rem;
    border-left: 1px solid rgb(var(--base-borders));
}

/* Force single-column layout for pods in sidebar */
.magazine-pods-col .row {
    display: block !important;
}

.magazine-pods-col .row > [class*="col-"] {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    flex: none !important;
    padding-left: 0 !important;
    padding-right: 0 !important;
}

/* Style individual pod items */
.magazine-pods-col .pod,
.magazine-pods-col .component {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(var(--base-borders));
}

.magazine-pods-col .pod:last-child,
.magazine-pods-col .component:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* Clean up pod card styling in sidebar */
.magazine-pods-col .card {
    border: none;
    background: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.magazine-pods-col .card-body {
    padding: 0;
}

.magazine-pods-col .card-title {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.magazine-pods-col .card-text {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #666;
}

/* Pod images */
.magazine-pods-col img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

/* Hide empty pods column */
.magazine-pods-col:empty {
    display: none;
}

/* ----------------------------------------
   Sticky Replacement Ads
   ---------------------------------------- */

/* Container for cycling pods */
.magazine-pods-col--sticky-mode {
    overflow: hidden;
}

.magazine-pods-col--sticky-mode .swp {
    position: relative;
}

/* Individual pod states */
.magazine-pods-col--sticky-mode .item {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transition: opacity 0.4s ease, visibility 0.4s ease;
}

.magazine-pods-col--sticky-mode .item[data-pod-active="true"] {
    position: relative;
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
}

/* Progress indicator */
.magazine-pods-progress {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.magazine-pods-progress__dot {
    width: 8px;
    height: 8px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #ddd;
    transition: background 0.3s;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.magazine-pods-progress__dot:hover {
    background: #bbb;
}

.magazine-pods-progress__dot--active {
    background: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
}

/* Article footer within content */
.magazine-main-col .magazine-article__footer {
    margin-top: 3rem;
    padding-top: 2rem;
    border-top: 1px solid rgb(var(--base-borders));
    max-width: 700px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

/* Responsive - hide meta sidebar on tablets */
@media (max-width: 1199px) {
    .magazine-content-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 280px;
        max-width: 900px;
    }
    .magazine-meta-sidebar,
    .magazine-tags-sidebar {
        display: none;
    }
    .magazine-pods-col {
        border-left: none;
        padding-left: 0;
    }
}

/* Responsive - stack pods below content on mobile */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .magazine-content-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        max-width: 700px;
        padding: 1rem;
    }
    .magazine-main-col {
        max-width: none;
    }
    .magazine-pods-col {
        position: relative;
        top: 0;
        max-height: none;
        margin-top: 2rem;
        border-top: 1px solid rgb(var(--base-borders));
        padding-top: 2rem;
    }
    /* Disable sticky mode on mobile - show all pods */
    .magazine-pods-col--sticky-mode .item {
        position: relative;
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
    }
    .magazine-pods-progress {
        display: none;
    }
}


/* ============================================
   MAGAZINE ISSUE CONTENTS PAGE

   Light page background with full-width hero image
   and content sections below.
   ============================================ */

/* Override parent section background to white when magazine issue is present */
section.content:has(.magazine-issue) {
    background: #fff !important;
}

/* Bridge uSkinned zone variables to --base-* for magazine issue page.
   Entire page uses light theme (--c2-*) for dark text on white bg. */
.magazine-issue {
    --base-text: var(--c2-text);
    --base-heading: var(--c2-heading);
    --base-borders: var(--c2-borders);
}

/* ---- Root Container ---- */

.magazine-issue {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 1.5rem 4rem;
    color: rgba(var(--base-text), 0.85);
}

body.content-underline-link-hover #site-content .magazine-issue a:not(.btn):not(.nav-button-link):hover,
body.content-underline-link-hover #site-content .magazine-issue a:not(.btn):not(.nav-button-link):focus,
body.content-underline-link-hover #site-content .magazine-issue a:not(.btn):not(.nav-button-link):active {
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* ---- Issue Title ---- */

.magazine-issue .magazine-issue__issue-title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    font-family: 'Outfit', serif;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 70px;
    color: #fff;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, #1a1a1a 0%, #2a2a2a 100%);
    margin: 0 0 0;
    padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
    width: 100vw;
    position: relative;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.magazine-issue__issue-volume {
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 28px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

/* ---- SECTION 1: Full-Width Hero ---- */

.magazine-issue__hero {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    width: 100vw;
    position: relative;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.magazine-issue__hero-link {
    display: block;
    overflow: hidden;
}

a.magazine-issue__hero-link {
    cursor: pointer;
}

.magazine-issue__hero-link img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform 0.4s ease, filter 0.4s ease;
}

a.magazine-issue__hero-link:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.02);
    filter: brightness(1.05);
}

.magazine-issue__hero video {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: cover;
}

/* ---- SECTION 2: Cover Story Text (left-aligned, dark text on white bg) ---- */

.magazine-issue__cover-story-section {
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.magazine-issue__cover-story-section > .magazine-issue__lock {
    display: inline-flex;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.magazine-issue__cover-title {
    font-weight: 700;
    margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
    color: #1a1a2e;
}

.magazine-issue__cover-title a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-issue__cover-title a:hover {
    color: #3a3a50;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.magazine-issue__cover-summary {
    font-size: var(--h5-typography_font-size);
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);
    margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
}

/* Force RTE-generated inner elements to inherit font-size
   (overrides pdf2htmlEX / paste-formatted classes like fs5, h6, etc.) */
.magazine-issue__cover-summary * {
    font-size: inherit !important;
    line-height: inherit !important;
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);
}

/* Responsive cover summary sizing (div doesn't inherit h5 media queries from typography.css) */
@media (min-width: 576px) { .magazine-issue__cover-summary { font-size: var(--h5-typography_font-size_sm); } }
@media (min-width: 768px) { .magazine-issue__cover-summary { font-size: var(--h5-typography_font-size_md); } }
@media (min-width: 992px) { .magazine-issue__cover-summary { font-size: var(--h5-typography_font-size_lg); } }
@media (min-width: 1200px) { .magazine-issue__cover-summary { font-size: var(--h5-typography_font-size_xl); } }

.magazine-issue__cover-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.125rem 0.625rem;
    font-family: 'Outfit', sans-serif;
    font-size: var(--h6-typography_font-size);
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.magazine-issue__cover-meta span:not(:last-child)::after {
    content: "\00b7";
    margin-left: 0.625rem;
    opacity: 0.4;
}

/* ---- Normalize RTE output in summaries ---- */

/* Suppress <br> tags to allow natural text flow */
.magazine-issue__cover-summary br,
.magazine-issue__article-summary br,
.magazine-issue__dept-article-summary br,
.magazine-issue__frontline-summary br {
    display: none;
}

/* Reset RTE paste-generated inline styles (pdf2htmlEX classes, Word paste, etc.) */
.magazine-issue__article-summary *,
.magazine-issue__dept-article-summary *,
.magazine-issue__frontline-summary * {
    font-size: inherit !important;
    line-height: inherit !important;
}

/* ---- Contents Container ---- */

.magazine-issue__contents {
    margin: 0 auto;
}

/* ---- Section Shared ---- */

.magazine-issue__section {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.magazine-issue__section:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.magazine-issue__section-title {
    position: relative;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
    margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
    padding-left: 16px;
    padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.magazine-issue__section-title::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 4px;
    height: auto;
    margin: 0;
    border-radius: 2px 2px 0 0;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgb(87, 160, 246), rgb(58, 115, 182));
}

/* ---- SECTION 3: Featured Articles Grid ---- */

.magazine-issue__features-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.magazine-issue__feature-card {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    height: 100%;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    border-radius: 6px;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: box-shadow 0.3s, transform 0.2s;
}

.magazine-issue__feature-card:hover,
.magazine-issue__feature-card:focus {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.magazine-issue__feature-card-image {
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.magazine-issue__feature-card-image img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 2;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}

.magazine-issue__feature-card:hover .magazine-issue__feature-card-image img {
    transform: scale(1.03);
}

.magazine-issue__feature-card-body {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    flex: 1;
    padding: 1.25rem 0.75rem 0.75rem;
}

.magazine-issue__feature-card-body .magazine-issue__article-meta,
.magazine-issue__frontline-body .magazine-issue__article-meta {
    font-size: 16px;
}

.magazine-issue__feature-card-body .magazine-issue__article-tags {
    margin-top: auto;
    padding-top: 0.75rem;
}

.magazine-issue__feature-card-title {
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0 0 0.375rem;
    color: #1a1a2e;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-issue__feature-card:hover .magazine-issue__feature-card-title {
    color: #3a3a50;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Shared article meta (used in features, frontline) */
.magazine-issue__article-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.125rem 0.625rem;
    font-family: 'Outfit', sans-serif;
    font-size: var(--h6-typography_font-size);
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.magazine-issue__article-meta span:not(:last-child)::after {
    content: "\00b7";
    margin-left: 0.625rem;
    opacity: 0.4;
}

.magazine-issue__article-secondary-heading {
    font-size: var(--h6-typography_font-size);
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
    margin: -0.125rem 0 0.375rem;
}

.magazine-issue__article-summary {
    font-size: var(--body-typography_font-size);
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

.magazine-issue__article-summary p {
    margin: 0;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

/* ---- Tags (Categories & Keywords) ---- */

.magazine-issue__article-tags {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.375rem;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

.magazine-issue__section--features .magazine-issue__article-tags,
.magazine-issue__section--perspectives .magazine-issue__article-tags,
.magazine-issue__section--departments .magazine-issue__article-tags,
.magazine-issue__section--frontline .magazine-issue__article-tags {
    display: none;
}

.magazine-issue__tag {
    display: inline-block;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 0.45rem 0.75rem 0.35rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
    white-space: nowrap;
    text-decoration: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-issue__tag:hover,
.magazine-issue__tag:focus {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.magazine-issue__tag--category {
    background: #1a1a2e;
    color: #fff;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.magazine-issue__tag--category:hover,
.magazine-issue__tag--category:focus {
    background: #2d2d4e;
    color: #fff;
}

/* ---- SECTION 4: Department Categories Grid ---- */

.magazine-issue__dept-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem 1.5rem;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-column {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-width: 0;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-header {
    position: relative;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
    padding-left: 14px;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.magazine-issue__dept-header::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 3px;
    height: auto;
    margin: 0;
    border-radius: 2px 2px 0 0;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgb(87, 160, 246), rgb(58, 115, 182));
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    flex: 1;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    padding: 1rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
    transition: background 0.2s;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article:hover,
.magazine-issue__dept-article:focus {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article + .magazine-issue__dept-article {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10);
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article-image {
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article-image img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 2;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article:hover .magazine-issue__dept-article-image img {
    transform: scale(1.03);
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article-title {
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0 0 0.25rem;
    color: #1a1a2e;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article:hover .magazine-issue__dept-article-title {
    color: #3a3a50;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.125rem 0.5rem;
    font-family: 'Outfit', sans-serif;
    font-size: 16px;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article-meta span:not(:last-child)::after {
    content: "\00b7";
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
    opacity: 0.4;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article-author {
    flex-basis: 100%;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article-author::after {
    content: none !important;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article-summary {
    font-size: var(--h6-typography_font-size);
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article-summary p {
    margin: 0;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

/* Compact tags inside department articles */
.magazine-issue__dept-article .magazine-issue__tag {
    font-size: 9px;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.5rem;
}

.magazine-issue__dept-article .magazine-issue__article-tags {
    gap: 0.2rem;
    margin-top: auto;
    padding-top: 0.375rem;
}

/* Compact tags inside frontline articles */
.magazine-issue__frontline-article .magazine-issue__tag {
    font-size: 9px;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.5rem;
}

.magazine-issue__frontline-article .magazine-issue__article-tags {
    gap: 0.2rem;
    margin-top: 0.375rem;
}

/* ---- SECTION 5: Frontline Articles List ---- */

.magazine-issue__frontline-article {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    padding: 1.5rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    transition: background 0.2s;
}

.magazine-issue__frontline-article:hover,
.magazine-issue__frontline-article:focus {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.magazine-issue__frontline-article + .magazine-issue__frontline-article {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10);
}

.magazine-issue__frontline-body {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}

.magazine-issue__frontline-title {
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0 0 0.375rem;
    color: #1a1a2e;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-issue__frontline-article:hover .magazine-issue__frontline-title {
    color: #3a3a50;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.magazine-issue__frontline-summary {
    font-size: var(--body-typography_font-size);
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.magazine-issue__frontline-summary p {
    margin: 0;
    color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

.magazine-issue__frontline-image {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 250px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.magazine-issue__frontline-image img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}

.magazine-issue__frontline-article:hover .magazine-issue__frontline-image img {
    transform: scale(1.03);
}

/* ---- Empty State ---- */

.magazine-issue__empty {
    color: rgba(var(--base-text), 0.4);
    text-align: center;
    padding: 2rem 0;
}

/* ---- Archive Issue (PDF-only) ---- */

.magazine-issue__archive {
    display: flex;
    gap: 3rem;
    padding: 3rem 2rem;
    background: #f5f5f5;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-cover {
    flex: 0 0 300px;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-cover img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.magazine-issue__archive-info {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-title {
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.7em;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #1a1a2e;
    margin: 0;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-date {
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: #666;
    margin: 0;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-desc {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #333;
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-desc p {
    color: #333;
    margin: 0 0 0.5em;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-desc p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    align-self: flex-start;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 12px 28px;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 6px;
    transition: background 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-btn:hover {
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.magazine-issue__archive-btn--view {
    background: #1a1a2e;
    color: #fff;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-btn--view:hover {
    background: #2d2d4a;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-btn--view svg {
    stroke: #fff;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-btn--download {
    background: transparent;
    color: #1a1a2e;
    border: 2px solid #1a1a2e;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-btn--download:hover {
    background: #1a1a2e;
    color: #fff;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-btn--download svg {
    stroke: #1a1a2e;
}

.magazine-issue__archive-btn--download:hover svg {
    stroke: #fff;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    .magazine-issue__archive {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
        gap: 1.5rem;
        padding: 2rem 1rem;
    }

    .magazine-issue__archive-cover {
        flex: none;
        max-width: 250px;
    }

    .magazine-issue__archive-info {
        align-items: center;
    }

    .magazine-issue__archive-actions {
        align-self: center;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

/* ---- Responsive ---- */

@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .magazine-issue__features-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .magazine-issue__dept-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    .magazine-issue {
        padding: 0 1rem 3rem;
    }

    .magazine-issue__features-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }

    .magazine-issue__dept-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .magazine-issue__frontline-image {
        width: 180px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 575px) {
    .magazine-issue__frontline-article {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .magazine-issue__frontline-image {
        width: 100%;
        max-height: 200px;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   MAGAZINE ISSUE LISTING (Archive Grid)
   ============================================ */

/* Year group - collapsible sections */
.magazine-year-group {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.magazine-year-group:last-of-type {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.magazine-year-group__header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    width: 100%;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    padding: 0.75rem 0;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-align: left;
}

.magazine-year-group__header:hover .magazine-year-group__title {
    color: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
}

.magazine-year-group__title {
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 300;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin: 0;
    color: rgb(var(--base-text));
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-year-group__chevron {
    width: 1.25rem;
    height: 1.25rem;
    color: #999;
    transition: transform 0.3s;
    transform: rotate(-90deg);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.magazine-year-group.is-open .magazine-year-group__chevron {
    transform: rotate(0deg);
}

/* Content area - collapsed by default */
.magazine-year-group__content {
    display: none;
    padding: 1rem 0 1.5rem;
}

.magazine-year-group.is-open .magazine-year-group__content {
    display: block;
}

/* Issue card wrapper - positions drawer relative to card */
.magazine-issue-card-wrapper {
    position: relative;
}

/* Visual container — shadow and radius on .inner so uSkinned bg color shows */
.magazine-issue-card-wrapper .inner {
    border-radius: 6px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    transition: box-shadow 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
}

.magazine-issue-card-wrapper .inner:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.magazine-issue-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.magazine-issue-card:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.magazine-issue-card__image {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #f0f0f0;
}

.magazine-issue-card__image img,
.magazine-issue-card__image video {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform 0.3s;
}

.magazine-issue-card:hover .magazine-issue-card__image img,
.magazine-issue-card:hover .magazine-issue-card__image video {
    transform: scale(1.03);
}

.magazine-issue-card__info {
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem 1.5rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.375rem;
}

.magazine-issue-card__title {
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin: 0;
}

.magazine-issue-card__date {
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #888;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.magazine-issue-card__summary {
    font-family: 'Outfit', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #666;
    margin: 0.25rem 0 0;
}

.magazine-issue-card__summary p {
    margin: 0;
}

.magazine-issue-card__summary ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
    list-style: disc;
}

.magazine-issue-card__summary li {
    margin: 0;
}

/* Footer with Browse All Articles link */
.magazine-issue-grid__footer {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 2rem 0 1rem;
}

.magazine-issue-grid__browse-link {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.625rem 1.5rem;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
    border: 1px solid var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
    border-radius: 4px;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-issue-grid__browse-link:hover {
    background: var(--magazine-accent-color, #0f3460);
    color: #fff;
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Responsive - mobile adjustments */
@media (max-width: 575px) {
    .magazine-year-group__title {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }

}

/* ============================================
   RELATED CONTENT POD HEADING
   ============================================ */

/* Remove top padding from pods section when in magazine sidebar.
   The padding comes from section.content which uses --pc-spacing* variables
   defined in uSkinned's all_pc.css via media queries */
.magazine-pods-col section.content.usn_cmp_pods {
    padding-top: 0 !important;
}

.listing-pods .related-content-heading {
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.listing-pods .related-content-heading .heading {
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* ============================================
   MAGAZINE BANNER OVERRIDES
   ============================================ */

/* Takeover banner in magazine layout - break out of content container */
.magazine-content .component.usn_cmp_banner .item.item_takeover-banner {
    /* Break out of the magazine-content margin */
    margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--magazine-sidebar-width));
    width: calc(100% + var(--magazine-sidebar-width));

    /* Full viewport height */
    height: 100vh;
    height: 100dvh; /* Dynamic viewport for mobile */
}

/* When sidebar is collapsed, no need for negative margin */
.magazine-sidebar-collapsed .magazine-content .component.usn_cmp_banner .item.item_takeover-banner {
    margin-left: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

/* Ensure inner elements fill the takeover height */
.magazine-content .component.usn_cmp_banner .item.item_takeover-banner .container,
.magazine-content .component.usn_cmp_banner .item.item_takeover-banner .row,
.magazine-content .component.usn_cmp_banner .item.item_takeover-banner .image {
    height: 100%;
}

/* Scroll prompt positioning for magazine layout */
.magazine-content .component.usn_cmp_banner .scroll-prompt {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 2rem;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    z-index: 10;
}

/* Ensure scroll prompt is visible over banner content */
.magazine-content .component.usn_cmp_banner .scroll-prompt .scroll-link {
    color: inherit;
}

/* Medium and short banners don't need breakout */
.magazine-content .component.usn_cmp_banner .item.item_medium-banner,
.magazine-content .component.usn_cmp_banner .item.item_short-banner,
.magazine-content .component.usn_cmp_banner .item.item_scale-banner {
    margin-left: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

/* Responsive - On tablet/mobile, sidebar is hidden so no margin adjustment needed */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .magazine-content .component.usn_cmp_banner .item.item_takeover-banner {
        margin-left: 0;
        width: 100%;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   AUTHOR AVATAR STACK (GitHub-style)
   ============================================ */

.magazine-article-header__authors {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.magazine-author-avatars {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    margin-left: 0.25rem;
}

.magazine-author-avatars__link {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-left: -8px;
    line-height: 0;
}

.magazine-author-avatars__link:first-child {
    margin-left: 0;
}

.magazine-author-avatars__link:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    z-index: 200 !important;
}

.magazine-author-avatars__img {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 2px solid #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    object-fit: cover;
}

.magazine-author-avatars__link:hover .magazine-author-avatars__img {
    box-shadow: 0 3px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

/* Responsive - slightly smaller on mobile */
@media (max-width: 575px) {
    .magazine-author-avatars__link {
        margin-left: -6px;
    }

    .magazine-author-avatars__link:first-child {
        margin-left: 0;
    }

    .magazine-author-avatars__img {
        width: 24px;
        height: 24px;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   MEMBERS-ONLY PAYWALL
   ============================================ */
.magazine-article__content--teaser {
    position: relative;
}

/* Fade the teaser text toward the bottom — fully white by ~3/4 down the paywall card */
.magazine-article__content--teaser::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 85%;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.85) 70%, rgba(255,255,255,1) 100%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.magazine-paywall {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    margin-top: -240px;
    text-align: center;
}

/* No longer needed — fade is handled by the teaser ::after */
.magazine-paywall__overlay {
    display: none;
}

.magazine-paywall__content {
    position: relative;
    background: #f8f8f8;
    border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 40px 32px;
    max-width: 520px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}

.magazine-paywall__icon {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    color: #0f3460;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.magazine-paywall__heading {
    font-family: 'Outfit', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1a1a2e;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.magazine-paywall__text {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
    margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.magazine-paywall__cta {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 14px 32px;
    background: #e94560;
    color: #fff;
    font-family: 'Outfit', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: 6px;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background 0.2s;
}

.magazine-paywall__cta:hover {
    background: #d63850;
}

.magazine-paywall__login {
    margin-top: 16px;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
}

.magazine-paywall__login a {
    color: #0f3460;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.magazine-paywall__login a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* ============================================
   MORE FROM THIS ISSUE (Below Paywall)
   ============================================ */
.magazine-paywall-more {
    margin-top: 48px;
    padding-top: 32px;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.magazine-paywall-more__heading {
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #1a1a2e;
    margin: 0 0 24px 0;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.magazine-paywall-more__grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 20px;
}

.magazine-paywall-more__card {
    display: block;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    transition: box-shadow 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
}

.magazine-paywall-more__card:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.magazine-paywall-more__card-image {
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 2;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #f0f0f0;
}

.magazine-paywall-more__card-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform 0.3s;
}

.magazine-paywall-more__card:hover .magazine-paywall-more__card-image img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.magazine-paywall-more__card-info {
    padding: 14px 16px 16px;
}

.magazine-paywall-more__card-category {
    display: inline-block;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.6875rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: #e94560;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.magazine-paywall-more__card-title {
    font-family: 'Outfit', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.35;
    color: #1a1a2e;
    margin: 0 0 8px 0;
}

.magazine-paywall-more__card-author {
    display: block;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.55);
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.magazine-paywall-more__card-meta {
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: rgba(0,0,0,0.45);
}

.magazine-paywall-more__view-issue {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 20px;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #0f3460;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-paywall-more__view-issue:hover {
    color: #e94560;
}

@media (max-width: 1399px) {
    .magazine-paywall-more__grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .magazine-paywall-more__grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 575px) {
    .magazine-paywall-more {
        margin-top: 32px;
        padding-top: 24px;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   LOCK BADGE (Article Listings)
   ============================================ */
.magazine-issue__lock {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: #0f3460;
    background: rgba(15, 52, 96, 0.08);
    padding: 5px 10px 5px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.magazine-issue__lock svg {
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Overlay lock badge on article cards (not cover story) */
.magazine-issue__feature-card > .magazine-issue__lock,
.magazine-issue__dept-article > .magazine-issue__lock,
.magazine-issue__frontline-article > .magazine-issue__lock {
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px;
    left: 8px;
    z-index: 2;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.60);
    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
    box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

/* ============================================
   EDITOR'S PICKS / YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE
   ============================================ */

.magazine-popular {
    margin-top: 48px;
    padding-top: 32px;
    padding-bottom: 48px;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.magazine-popular__heading {
    font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #1a1a2e;
    margin: 0 0 24px 0;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

/* Issue page variant: full-width with background */
.magazine-popular--issue-page {
    width: 100vw;
    position: relative;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    padding: 48px 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 3rem;
    background: #f5f5f5;
    border-top: none;
}

.magazine-popular--issue-page .magazine-paywall-more__grid {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.magazine-popular--issue-page .magazine-popular__heading {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto 24px;
}

/* ============================================================
   Magazine Author Page
   ============================================================ */

/* Fix: altTemplate pages miss html[dir="ltr"] so header-04-lg
   positioning rules don't apply. Replicate the critical ones. */
html:not([dir]) body.header-04-lg header#site-header .row::before {
    margin-left: auto;
}
html:not([dir]) body.header-04-lg header#site-header nav.main {
    margin-right: auto;
}
html:not([dir]) body.header-04-lg header#site-header nav.secondary {
    margin-right: calc(var(--base-half-spacing) - 10px);
}
html:not([dir]) body.header-04-lg header#site-header .site-search {
    right: 0;
}
html:not([dir]) body.header-04-lg header#site-header .site-search::after {
    left: 0;
}
html:not([dir]) body.header-04-lg header#site-header .site-search form {
    right: calc((var(--large-header) / 2) - 1px);
}

/* Page Header Banner */
.magazine-author-page__header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0d4e78 0%, #011535 100%);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
}

.magazine-author-page__header-inner {
    max-width: 1000px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.magazine-author-page__header-text {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}

.magazine-author-page__image {
    width: 140px;
    height: 140px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    border: 3px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.magazine-author-page__header .magazine-author-page__name {
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
    color: #fff;
}

.magazine-author-page__bio {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.magazine-author-page__bio p {
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}

.magazine-author-page__bio a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-decoration-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-author-page__bio a:hover {
    color: #fff;
    text-decoration-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}

.magazine-author-page__header-text * {
    color: inherit;
}

.magazine-author-page__social ul {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.magazine-author-page__social a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-author-page__social a:hover {
    color: #fff;
}

.magazine-author-page__external-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-author-page__external-link:hover {
    color: #fff;
}

/* Articles Section */
.magazine-author-page {
    padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem;
    background: #fff;
    min-height: 40vh;
}

.magazine-author-page__container {
    max-width: 1000px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

/* Section heading */
.magazine-author-page__section-heading {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1a1a2e;
    margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
}

.magazine-author-page__count {
    font-weight: 400;
    color: #888;
}

/* Article Grid */
.magazine-author-page__grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.magazine-author-page__card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #fafafa;
    transition: box-shadow 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
}

.magazine-author-page__card:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.magazine-author-page__card-image {
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 2;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #e5e5e5;
}

.magazine-author-page__card-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform 0.3s;
}

.magazine-author-page__card:hover .magazine-author-page__card-image img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.magazine-author-page__card-info {
    padding: 1rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.25rem;
}

.magazine-author-page__card-category {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: #888;
}

.magazine-author-page__card-title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: #1a1a2e;
    margin: 0;
}

.magazine-author-page__card-meta {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #999;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.magazine-author-page__card-issue {
    color: #999;
}

.magazine-author-page__card-issue::before {
    content: "·";
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
}

/* Empty state */
.magazine-author-page__empty {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 3rem 1rem;
    color: #888;
}

/* Pagination */
.magazine-author-page__pagination {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.magazine-author-page__page {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #555;
    background: #f5f5f5;
    transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-author-page__page:hover {
    background: #e5e5e5;
    color: #1a1a2e;
}

.magazine-author-page__page--current {
    background: #1a1a2e;
    color: #fff;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Back link */
.magazine-author-page__back {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
}

.magazine-author-page__back a {
    color: #555;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.magazine-author-page__back a:hover {
    color: #1a1a2e;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .magazine-author-page__header-inner {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .magazine-author-page__image {
        width: 100px;
        height: 100px;
    }

    .magazine-author-page__social ul {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .magazine-author-page__grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .magazine-author-page__name {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
    .magazine-author-page__grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}